1 A tort of intimidation consists of:
a) Threat or force constituting an unlawful act.
b) Submission to the threat
c) Damage (he lost his job)

2. Leading case: Rookes v. Barnard 1964
Rookes worked for BOAC (British Airways), he resigned from the Trade Union.
There had been an informal agreement between BOAC and the TU: every employee should belong to the TU.
The employees forced BOAC to dismiss him from his jobs; they striked although there was a no-strike clause in BOAC contracts.

3. The strike-threatening was an intimidation (new tort).

4. Politics
The case became a 'political football'.
Trade Dispute Act (1965) which gave immunity to the TU (Labour government!); but 1974 there was a change.